Are you going to rent? Know all about tenancy

The Times Of India 

Neha Nagpal | July 19, 2015 @ 11:00 AM

A broker helps you find out a suitable rented accommodation, makes you meet a landlord; if you like the property, an 11 month rent agreement is ready. Is this all you should know about tenancy? Certainly not. There are many terminologies/jargons that one should be aware of. Those who are renting out the property for the first time should know the different types of tenancies. Let’s start with the basics first.

Who is a tenant? He/ she is the person who pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another.

What is tenancy? In simple language, it is the period of a tenant's occupancy or possession. This is an arrangement whether by formal lease or informal agreement under which the owner (the landlord) allows another (the tenant) to take exclusive possession of land in consideration for rent, with or without a premium, either: for an agreed period of on a periodic basis until formally terminated.

Who is a landlord? Landlord is the owner a land/property who permits the right to exclusive possession of his/her entire property to tenants or part of their land to another person for a specific period through lease or tenancy.

The four types of tenancies:
Tenancy for Years: It specifies a term for the agreement. It can be one month or one year. The lease terminates automatically at the specified end date without the need for notice by either the landlord or tenant.
Tenancy from Period to Period: It specifies a definite initial time and is automatically renewable unless terminated by either the landlord or tenant. The lease could be from week to week, month to month or year to year. Under this, a lease is renewable indefinitely for a like period of time.

Tenancy at Will: ‘Will’ means by choice. It is based on the whims of the landlord and the tenant. In simple words, the tenancy is in continuation until either the landlord or tenant terminates the agreement. This can be terminated instantly on a notice given by either party. But, usually in practice, landlords provide a reasonable amount of time required by the tenant to vacate the property.

Tenancy at Sufferance: It is a situation where a tenant remains on a property even after his/her lease /agreement has been expired, before the landlord demands the tenant vacate the property. In this case, a tenant is required to meet the conditions of the original lease conditions, including payment of any rents. Otherwise, the tenant can be evicted at any time without notice. The only difference between a tenant at sufferance and a trespasser is that the former had at one time a right to occupy the property. After acquiring the property, you may have to make some changes. This called Tenant's improvements. These are improvement done to meet the needs of and carried out wholly or partly at the expense of the tenant.

Other terms that you should know:

Premium Rent - A rent which is higher than would reasonably be expected because the tenant is particularly anxious to secure the property.

Rent free period: An agreed period, usually for several weeks or months, during which a lessee is allowed to occupy the subject premises without payment of rent. This is considered in cases like:

1) In consideration for the tenant bearing expenditure on such matters interiors or fitting out premises or carrying out repairs or improvements.

2) To reflect market conditions which favour tenant e.g. Where the space available for letting exceeds the total tenant demand in that area or

3) By virtue of both cases

Rental in advance: Comprises a lump sum payment to the landlord at the beginning of the lease term, which is thereafter adjusted in equal installments over the lease term against the monthly base rental payable by the tenant. The advance amount generally ranges between 3 to 18 months depending on the city, type, location of property and the period of the lease.

Now that you are aware of the different types of tenancy, the next time you search for a rented accommodation opt for the type of tenancy which suits you the best. Neha has written on industries such as real estate, franchise and outdoor advertising.
You can also follow Neha on Twitter @nehanagpal

General Knowledge - water , solution

1.What is Reverse Osmosis or RO ?





Ans-

A process by which a solvent passes through a porous membrane in the direction opposite to that for natural osmosis when subjected to a hydro static pressure greater than the osmotic pressure.

Reverse Osmosis, a water treatment method traditionally known for removing salt from seawater, is also used to purify drinking water by forcing untreated water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane or filter. The membrane blocks contaminants and the impurities are subsequently expelled from the environment. The result is pure, clean drinking water.

Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi-permeable membrane.

1.Water containing impurities enters the system
2.Impurities are stopped and rejected at the membrane surface
3.Water pressure forces water molecules through the membrane
4.The purified water is then sent directly to the faucet
5.Impurities are expelled from the system and sent to a drain underneath the sink area.


How it work?

The Reverse Osmosis membrane has a tight pore structure (less than 0.0001 micron or 500,000 times less than the diameter of a human hair) that effectively removes up to 99% of all contaminants and impurities such as total dissolved solids, chemicals, bacteria and viruses from drinking water. Anti-microbial filters used in Reverse Osmosis also help to remove unwanted odors, colors and tastes from water. Reverse Osmosis filtration technology is so effective that it is used by most leading water bottling plants.


What  is Hard and Soft water ?

Ans



Water that does not form an immediate lather with soap is called hard water. Hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble calcium, magnesium or iron compounds. The most common compounds are calcium bicarbonate Ca(HCO3)2, magnesium bicarbonate Mg(HCO3)2, calcium sulphate CaSO4 and magnesium sulphate MgSO4. The addition of soap forms an insoluble scum. The scum consists of insoluble salts of these metals. 

Removal of these salts from the solution makes the water soft. Water that forms an immediate lather with soap is called soft water. Such water does not have dissolved salts of calcium, magnesium and iron.

Types of Hardness:

Depending upon the behaviour of water towards soap, hardness is divided into two types.

1. Temporary hardness:

Hardness of water due to the presence of soluble bicarbonates of calcium and Magnesium is called temporary hardness. When water containing dissolved carbon dioxide passes over solid carbonates (chalk or limestone deposits etc.), these compounds get dissolved in water. Rainwater and distilled water are always soft because they do not have dissolved (soluble) salts.

Temporary hardness is removed in the following ways:
By boiling the water: On boiling, the soluble bicarbonate is decomposed into insoluble carbonate.
Chemical methods.

By adding slaked lime [Ca(OH)2] to hard water, insoluble carbonates are formed. The insoluble calcium carbonate is the ‘fur’ (or scale) formed in kettles, boilers, pipes, etc.
2. Permanent hardness:

This is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. Such a hardness can be removed by the addition of washing soda. This removes both the temporary and the permanent hardness of water.

General Knowledge 1

1 Dry ice is a frozen form of which gas?


Carbon Dioxide


2 Where are human triceps muscles to be found?


At the back of the upper arm


3 What is the brightest star in the night sky?


Sirius (The Dog Star)


4 A leveret is the young of which animal?


Hare


5 What term is given to a piece of rock or metal from space that reaches the surface of the Earth?


Meteorite


6 Which part of the eye is coloured and surrounds the pupil?


Iris


7 What colour is the most-prized variety of jade?


Green


8 What type of tree is often found in churchyards?


The Yew


9 Who invented the jet engine?


Sir Frank Whittle


10 What would you use VOIP for?


Making a telephone call on the internet (it stands for Voice Over Internet Protocol)


11 To which animal does the word lupine refer?


Wolf


12 Which subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?


Protons and Neutrons


13 Which part of the Earth lies between the outer core and the crust?


The Mantle


14 Orbiting 35,900km above the equator, what term is given to satellites that remain above the same point on the Earth’s surface in their orbit?


Geostationary


15 In trigonometry, what is calculated by the adjacent over the hypotenuse?


Cosine


16 What unit do barometers and weather maps usually display atmospheric pressure in?


Millibars


17 Which chemical element, number 11 in the Periodic table, has the symbol Na?


Sodium


18 Named after a Surrey town where a spring containing this was discovered, how is hydrated magnesium sulphate better known?


Epsom salts


19 Reed, Marsh, Sedge and Grasshopper are varieties of which bird?


Warbler


20 Which New Zealand-born physicist is credited with splitting the atom?


Sir Ernest Rutherford


21 Which mineral forms the lead in a pencil?


Graphite


22 SS Archimedes was an appropriately named ship which was the world’s first to use what form of propulsion?


A Screw Propellor


23 What is the largest fish in the world?


The whale shark


24 What shapes are attached to a line of a weather map to denote a warm front?


Semicircles


25 Who discovered the law that the volume of a given mass of gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure?


Robert Boyle


26 What is the longest bone in the human body?


The femur (or thighbone)


27 Relating to flat-screen televisions and monitors, what does LCD stand for?


Liquid Crystal Display






28 What creature is an ophidiophobe afraid of?


Snakes


29 What is the mathematical series that starts 0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21 called?


A Fibonacci Series


30 Deriving its name from an Icelandic word meaning erupt, what term is given to a natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air?


Geyser


31 Diamonds are a form of which chemical element?


Carbon


32 Which paper size measures 297x420mm?


A3


33 What piece of computer equipment was invented by Douglas Engelbart of Stanford Research Institute in 1963?


The Mouse


34 What is the highest digit that can appear in an Octal number system?


7


35 Alopecia is a condition causing the loss of what from the body?


Hair


36 What colour are most thistle heads?


Purple


37 Up, Down, Top, Bottom, Strange and Charm are the six “flavours” of what elementary particle?


A Quark


38 What is the device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine called?


A carburetto


39 Which part of a horse’s anatomy is the equivalent of a human ankle?


Fetlock


40 Magnetite, hematite, limonite and siderite are ores of which metal?


Iron


41 What name is given to the condition created by too much bile in the bloodstream creating a yellowing of the skin?


Jaundice


42 What acid accumulates in the muscles once the anaerobic threshold is passed when doing exercise?


Lactic Acid


43 What do 1,000 gigabytes make?


A Terabyte


44 Which major spiral galaxy is the closest to the Milky Way and might collide with it in about three billion years?


Andromeda


45 What is the usual colour of copper sulphate?






46 What is the name given to the substance that covers a deer’s antler when it is growing?


Velvet


47 What is the igneous rock seen in hexagonal columns at the Giant’s Causeway and Fingal’s Cave?


Basalt


48 Which wind is a warm southerly coming from the Sahara Desert over the Mediterranean?


Sirocco






49 What colour head does a male Mallard have?


Green


50 In which temperature scale is the boiling point of water 80 degrees?


Réaumur


(The Réaumur scale French, also known as the "octogesimal division", is a temperature scale in which the freezing and boiling points of water are set to 0 and 80 degrees respectively.)


51 Which acid is found in car batteries?


Sulphuric


52 What is the ratio 1:1.618 known as?


The Golden Section (also Golden Ratio, Golden mean and Divine Proportion)


53 What is an ECG used to show?


Heart activity and rhythm (it stands for electrocardiogram)


54 Where was a speed record of 11.2mph set in 1972?


The Moon (John Young of Apollo 16 driving the Lunar Rover!)


55 Which form of cloud has an anvil shape and is associated with heavy showers and storms?


Cumulonimbus


56 Old Man’s Beard and Traveller’s Joy are names for a variety of which flower?


Clematis


57 What is the fruit of the tropical plant Ananas comosus?


Pineapple


58 Which astronomical distance is about 3.26 light years?


A parsec


59 What is created when the loop of a meander of a river is cut off and the river diverted on a different course?


An Oxbow lake


60 Which sugar is found in milk?


Lactose sugar

 Science and Nature Quiz

1 What was the only probe that has so far been sent to Uranus and Neptune?






2 What is defined as “Any rock or soil material that has remained below 0˚C continuously for two or more years”?


3 Which insect is the host for the parasitic organism that causes sleeping sickness?


4 What did Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discover by accident on November 8 1895?


5 Which is the largest species of big cat to be found in South America?


6 An Astronomical Unit is the mean distance between which two bodies?


7 What term is used in mathematics for a number, such as Pi or √2, which cannot be expressed as a fraction?


8 What is manufactured by the Haber process?


9 Of what is a Positron an antiparticle?


10 What sort of structure is DNA?


12 And what is DNA an abbreviation for?


13 Which chemical element is named after a village in Scotland?


14 Which of Jupiter’s moons is the largest in the solar system?


15 What was a Clepsydra used for?


16 How is the fossilised resin of coniferous trees from the Middle Tertiary period better known?


17 Monotremes are egg- laying mammals, the order comprising echidnas and which other animals?


18 What number on the Beaufort scale is given to a “strong breeze”?


19 The diet of which birds creates their pink plumage?


20 What colour are the flowers of the primrose?


21 Which alkane, chemical formula CH4, occurs naturally in oil wells, marshes and the emissions from cows?


22 What does the mathematic sign ≥ mean?


23 Which black and white bird of the crow family has the scientific name Pica pica?


24 What facet of human anatomy did William Harvey discover?


25 In weather, regions of high pressure are also known as what?


26 Which London structure was designed so it could act as a giant telescope, although it proved unsuccessful in this role?


27 Centre of a long-standing industry in Cornwall, how is kaolin also known?


28 In which spacecraft did Yuri Gagarin become the first man in space?


29 Where in the body are alveoli to be found?


30 Riboflavin is an alternative name for which vitamin of the B Group?

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

1.What do you know about Black holes?

Ans

A Black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light can not get out. They are one of the greatest mysteries in space.

2.What do you know about X-radiation?

Ans

X-rays are a form of invisible, high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. X-rays are very small and energetic. They are used in different branches of science.

X-ray beams can pass through the human body, and they are absorbed in different amounts depending on the density of the material they pass through. Dense materials, such as bone and metal, show up as white on X-rays. The air in your lungs shows up as black. Fat and muscle appear as shades of gray.

3.What do you know about Milky Way?

The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System. Its name "milky" is derived from its appearance as a dim glowing band arching across the night sky in which the naked eye cannot distinguish individual stars.

Galileo Galilei first resolved the band of light into individual stars with his telescope in 1610.

4.What do you know about Formula One or F1?

Ans

Formula One, also known as Formula 1 or F1 and referred to officially as the FIA Formula One World Championship, is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).

5.What do you know about Iron Curtain?

Ans

The Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas during Cold War. Iron Curtain divided countries in the capitalist West and the socialist countries of East.

6.What do you know about Wimbledon?

Ans.

The Wimbledon Championships or simply Wimbledon is the tennis tournament in the world, and widely considered the most prestigious. Established in 1877, Wimbledon is the oldest tennis tournament in the world and is named after the London suburb where it first started.


Wimbledon takes place every year and is held for a period of two weeks, starting from late June until early July.

7.what do you know about The Great Wall of China ?

Ans.

The Great Wall of China is a series of Fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth , wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese States and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian steppe . Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century bc; these, later joined together and made bigger and stronger, are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall. Especially famous is the wall built 220–206 bc by Qin Shihuang , the first Emperor of China. Little of that wall remains. Since then, the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt, maintained, and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty .

8.What do You Know About Christopher Columbus?

Ans

Christopher Columbus was an European explorer and trader who by coincidence discovered America in the 15th Century.

9.What do you know about Tsunamis?

Ans

A tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water, generally an ocean or a large lake.

10.What do you know about Sumo?

Ans

Sumo is a traditional Japanese sport where wrestler attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring.

11.What do you know about Snooker?

Ans

Snooker is a sport that is typically played on a table covered with a green cloth or baize, with pockets situated in each of the four corners and a further two, commonly referred to as the middle, or side pockets, that sit in the middle of each of the long side cushions.

12.what do you know about fossil ?

Ans

Fossils are the remains of once living animals or plants. People have been finding fossils in rocks for thousands of years, but until quite recently they didn't understand what they were.

Today we recognise that the fossils we find in rocks represent the ancestors of the animals and plants that are alive today.

13.what do you know about fossil fuel?

Ans

Fossil fuel is a general term for buried combustible geologic deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over hundreds of millions of years.